Entre neurosciences et neurophilosophie : la psychologie cognitive et les sciences cognitives Between neuroscience and neurophilosophy: cognitive psychology and cognitive science

The cognitive sciences are all at once a scientific field with far-reaching epistemological implications and the locus of institutional confrontation between several academic disciplines. In this context, cognitive psychology occupies a key historical and theoretical position. It is therefore essential to clearly situate its contribution to the origin and the development of the cognitive sciences. For some, cognitive psychology may end up being dissolved by cognitive neuroscience, with its brain imaging techniques, which in the long run, should solve the age-old problem of brain-mind dualism. For others, this epistemic wager can only be won by reducing cognition to its most elementary states and processes. Here, the problem of mental representation (of meaning and consciousness) is brought to bear to rule out a view that strictly reduces the mind to the brain. Will the cognitive sciences, then, be nothing more than a mere stage in the integration of cognitive psychology into the cognitive neurosciences? Or on the contrary, will the other disciplines in the cognitive sciences be led to recognize the specificity of cognitive psychology and put it at the centre of their research program? The debate is underway, but the scientific and institutional outcome is uncertain. © 2007 Société française de psychologie. Publié par Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits réservés. Mots clés : Cerveau ; Cognition ; Esprit ; Neuro-imagerie ; Neurosciences cognitives ; Phrénologie ; Philosophie cognitive ; Psychologie cognitive ; Sciences cognitives